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Research & Development
Research and Development (R&D) is a critical process that involves systematic investigation and application of new knowledge to create innovative products, services, and technologies, ultimately driving a nation’s economic growth and overall development by fostering technological advancements, improving productivity, enhancing competitiveness in global markets, and addressing societal challenges across various sectors like healthcare, environment, and security.
Key Aspects & Impact
Economic Growth
Facilitates new industries, creates jobs, and boosts productivity through innovative solutions.
Innovation Catalyst
Generates ideas allowing companies to stay ahead of competitors and capture market opportunities.
Quality of Life
Advancements in healthcare and environmental sustainability mitigate climate change and improve well-being.
National Security
Advancements in defense technology enhance a nation’s security capabilities and preparedness.
Components of R&D
Research and Development is not a singular activity but a continuum of processes ranging from theoretical understanding to practical application.
Basic Research
Fundamental investigations to gain a deeper understanding of a subject area, often with long-term implications for future applications rather than immediate commercial use.
Applied Research
Focused research aimed at solving specific practical problems or developing new technologies with immediate applications in mind.
Experimental Development
The process of designing, constructing, and testing prototypes to translate research findings into viable products, systems, or processes.
Key Actors
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Universities & Research Institutions
Conduct basic research, train skilled workforce, and facilitate knowledge transfer.
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Government Agencies
Fund and support research in areas of national interest (public health, infrastructure, etc.).
Major Challenges
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Funding Constraints
Difficulty securing funds for long-term projects.
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Commercialization Barriers
Translating findings into market products.
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IP Protection
Ensuring protection to incentivize innovation.
Measuring Performance
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (% of GDP).
Measure of potential commercialization.
Total human capital dedicated to activities.